Q.- Discuss the use of rebirth as a literary device in Kadambari.
Ans : Bāṇa’s Kadambari is one of the earliest and most beautiful examples of classical Sanskrit prose. Among its many artistic features, the theme of rebirth (punarjanma) is very important. It is not only a part of the plot, but also a literary device that gives the story depth, continuity, and emotional richness.
1. Rebirth as a Structural Device: The novel begins with King Śūdraka meeting a parrot named Vaiśampāyana. This parrot narrates the story of his previous birth, where he was a human prince, a close friend of Chandrapīḍa. Through this narration, the past life is connected with the present. This frame-story structure makes rebirth the very foundation of the novel’s design.
2. Rebirth and the Love Story: The central love story of Chandrapīḍa and Kadambari is closely tied to rebirth. Their union is delayed because of fate, misunderstandings, and death. Chandrapīḍa dies before marrying Kadambari, but her devotion continues even after his death. The theme of rebirth allows their love to be fulfilled beyond the limits of one lifetime. This makes their love eternal and immortal.
3. Rebirth as a Moral Idea: In Kadambari, rebirth is not just a device of suspense but also reflects Indian cultural beliefs in karma and the cycle of life. Characters face consequences of past actions and are given chances for redemption or reunion in another life. This moral dimension adds seriousness to the narrative.
4. Rebirth and Suspense: The technique of rebirth also helps in creating suspense and surprise. The reader is slowly introduced to the idea that the characters they see in the present life are linked to earlier existences. This revelation deepens the story and makes it more engaging.
5. Symbolism of Rebirth: Rebirth symbolizes the continuity of love, friendship, and destiny. Vaiśampāyana as a parrot, Chandrapīḍa reborn, and the eventual reunion with Kadambari all point towards the idea that human emotions are stronger than death. The body may die, but love and attachment survive through rebirth.
Conclusion:Thus, rebirth in Kadambari is not just a supernatural element, but a deliberate literary device. It connects the frame-story with the main plot, strengthens the theme of eternal love, and reflects Indian beliefs about karma and destiny. Without rebirth, the story of Kadambari would remain incomplete. It is through rebirth that the novel achieves its emotional climax, making it one of the most intricate and touching creations of Sanskrit literature.
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